Refactor inference

Most of the changes have happened in the Typing-submodule, namely Inference has been split up into many smaller modules, located in the Implementation and Values submodules. These should be easy to merge, but some (albeit small) changes have been made to other modules, like Blueprint, Proof, Theory etc., which might not even be at the same place anymore, so merging might result in conflicts there, but they should be easy to handle.